Original research
Measured studies on what AI answer engines cite
Each study asks real category questions to ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity, records every cited source, and publishes the article, methodology, and dataset. Numbers are frozen at measurement — nothing is invented after the fact.
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Four-study synthesis
What Sources Do AI Engines Like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity Actually Cite?
Synthesis across four independent studies — 96 questions, 3,563 recorded citations. Editorial content captured 89.5%; only youtube.com and linkedin.com placed in the top five in every sweep.
Read the synthesisIndividual studies
- Is answer engine optimization a scam or a legitimate discipline
For a 24-question category inventory on whether AEO/GEO services and tools are legitimate, which source domains do answer engines actually cite when addressing trust and scam concerns, and how often does the leading cited domain flip on same-day variance-panel repeats?
- Building brand authority signals for AI search citations
For a 24-question category inventory on building brand authority for AEO and GEO, which content formats get cited by AI answer engines, and how often does the leading cited domain flip on same-day variance-panel repeats?
- Evaluating and trusting AEO and GEO platforms, agencies, and citation-tracking tools
For a 24-question category inventory on how buyers evaluate, vet, and trust AEO/GEO platforms, marketing agencies, and citation-tracking tools, which source domains do answer engines actually cite, and how often does the leading cited domain flip on same-day variance-panel repeats?
- Answer engine optimization and AI search visibility
For the linked sector's 24 active category questions on answer-engine optimization and AI search visibility, which specific content formats and structural patterns distinguish domains that get cited from those that do not, and what does the same-day variance-panel flip rate reveal about common mistakes brands make that cost them AI search citations?
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